5 TOP FACTS GIANT STRUCTURES

1 The original megastructure, the Great Wall stretches an incredible 8,851km (5,500 miles), making it easily the longest man-made structure on Earth. Great Wall of China

2 The 2km dam spanning the Yangtze submerged 13 existing cities, 140 towns and over 1,300 villages, requiring the relocation of 1.5 million people. Three Gorges Dam

3 This retired garbage dump covering 12 square kilometres (4.6 square miles) of New York’s Staten Island was once piled higher than the nearby Statue of Liberty. Fresh Kills Landﬁ ll

4 Built largely by hand over 2,000 years ago, these terraced rice paddies cover 10,360 square kilometres of steep mountainside in the Philippines. Banaue Rice Terraces

5 This colossal open-pit mine located in Eastern Siberia, Russia is 525 metres (1,722 feet) deep and 1.25km wide. In the Sixties it produced two tons of diamonds per year.Mirny Diamond Mine

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HOW CAN WE MOTIVATE OURSELVES MORE EFFECTIVELY THROUGH REINFORCEMENT?

•We'd all like to be more effective in reaching our goals, and according to behaviorists, the way to improve our effectiveness is by rewarding ourselves for the little steps that take us closer and closer to those desirable outcomes. •First, find something you really like to do or something you'd like to have that can, realistically, serve as a reward. •Then, take the goal that you are hoping to achieve that, realistically, you could achieve but just haven't succeeded at yet. •Next, work backward from that goal to your present state. •Arrange to give yourself those desired rewards as you inch closer from where you are now to the desired end point. •As you start to make progress, only give yourself a reward when you've moved forward from where you are now. •For example, if you'd like to cut back on your television watching and instead read more often, reward yourself by allowing yourself to watch television only when you've read for 20 minutes,

15 Did You Know Fact that will surprise you

1) Did you know that this colourful little chap is the Costa Rican Variable Harlequin toad aka the Clown frog. 2) Did you know that the Karni Mata Hindu Temple in Rajasthan, India, is also known as the Temple of Rats. The temple is famous for the approximately 25,000 revered black rats that live there. Visitors play with and feed the rats and even sometimes drink from the same milk and eat the same food. 3) Did you know that vanilla flavoring is sometimes made with the urine of beavers. 4) Did you know that Botox is made from botulinium toxin which is considered the most deadly substance in the World as half a pound would be enough to wipe out the entire World population. Almost all the Botox in use throughout the World is made in one single factory in Ireland. 5) Did you know that tuna swim at a continuous steady rate of about 14km per hour for their whole life until they die. Whilst alive they never stop moving as if they stop they are unab

WHY DO WE SLEEP AND DREAM?

•We spend about one-third of our lives sleeping. •Why do we invest so much time in sleep? •The most straight forward answer is that, sleep is restorative, and it replenishes the body's energy stores. •However, intense neural activity during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, the stage in which most dreams occur, suggests there may be more to the story. •One theory, which by far has the largest body of evidence, is that sleep plays a critical role in learning and consolidating memories. •It is probably why infants and toddlers need up to 14 hours of sleep a day, with half of it spent in REM sleep. •In adults, dreams may also play a role in brain plasticity and learning, which is why sleep-deprived adults perform worse in memory tests and tasks.

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