How Electronic ink works?

Used increasingly in digital products, how does this technology work?

Electronic ink (or electrophoretic ink) consists of millions of microcapsules. Each one contains positively charged white particles and negatively charged black particles, all suspended within a clear ﬂuid. When these microcapsules are subjected to a positive or negative electric ﬁeld, the corresponding particles rise to the top, becoming visible to the eye and colouring that microcapsule.

eBook reader displays coat electronic ink onto a sheet of plastic ﬁlm, which in turn is laminated to a layer of circuitry. This circuitry forms a pattern of pixels that can be controlled by the display’s software driver, allowing images and text to be displayed in the form of a traditional page of physical paper.

Electronic ink displays differ from LCDs by utilising ambient light to illuminate pixels, with the rays merely reﬂecting off their surface. This means they have very low power demand, as the only energy needed is that necessary to refresh the pixel pattern each time the display changes. Also, glare from natural light enhances the display’s vividness.

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