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HOW IS FIBRE OPTIC BROADBAND USHERING IN A NEW ERA OF COMMUNICATION? Remember dial-up internet? Most of us do and it’s not so very long ago that speeds of 56K were considered fast when it came to accessing the delights of the world wide web. And while it may have been fine for checking GeoCities pages and bulletin boards, as our demands and uses of the internet became more complex so higher speeds became more necessary, can you imagine using iTunes or YouTube on a 56K modem? Neither could the service providers who now vie for our attention, trying to find the balance between faster connections and lower prices. Currently the fastest speed on offer in the UK and US and most of Europe lie somewhere between 2MB and 10MB while China, South Korea and Japan lead the way in ‘fibre-to-the-home’ broadband lines. However many western nations such as America, Sweden and Romania are following close behind. Over the next few pages we’ll be explaining fibre optics, the amazing technology behind the n

Seen by many to be the next stage in the evolution of music distribution and reproduction, Spotify is bringing music to the world of cloud computing.  Spotify is a new application that is available for PC and Mac – along with many modern smartphones – which allows you to stream music from a vast catalogue distributed through the Spotify central hub and sourced from every other Spotify user. To use Spotify you would first need to download the Spotify software from www.spotify.com. Once installed, Spotify looks a lot like other media players such as iTunes, but there is a big difference. With Spotify, you don’t have to download the music in order to listen to it (although this is also possible). Instead you can simply stream it over your internet connection.  To use Spotify you would fi rst need to download the Spotify software from www.spotify.com. Once installed, Spotify looks a lot like other media players such as iTunes, but there is a big difference. With Spotify, you do

Used increasingly in digital products, how does this technology work? Electronic ink (or electrophoretic ink) consists of millions of microcapsules. Each one contains positively charged white particles and negatively charged black particles, all suspended within a clear fluid. When these microcapsules are subjected to a positive or negative electric field, the corresponding particles rise to the top, becoming visible to the eye and colouring that microcapsule.  eBook reader displays coat electronic ink onto a sheet of plastic film, which in turn is laminated to a layer of circuitry. This circuitry forms a pattern of pixels that can be controlled by the display’s software driver, allowing images and text to be displayed in the form of a traditional page of physical paper.   Electronic ink displays differ from LCDs by utilising ambient light to illuminate pixels, with the rays merely reflecting off their surface. This means they have very low power demand, as the only ene

QR codes allow symbols, phrases and URLs to be hidden from sight. But how do they work? A QR Code (QR stands for ‘quick response’) is a two-dimensional matrix barcode that consists of a series of black modules arranged in a square pattern on a white background. They work by embedding a series of information within preset boundaries, the data being located and identified by a series of alignment, timing and positional patterns within the code. The codes are read by scanners and smartphone cameras installed with a QR-deciphering software (these tend to be freely available as apps, or in some cases, are natively installed in the phone’s firmware). In practice, this allows any smartphone user to hold their device up to a QR code and decipher its encrypted data, receiving a message, image or URL link.  READ ALSO:- How a speaker works ? How OLEDs work? How do semiautomatic pistols work?

Why do diamonds last forever ? •Diamonds do not last forever. Diamonds degrade to graphite, because graphite is a lower-energy configuration under typical conditions. •Diamond (the stuff in wedding rings) and graphite (the stuff in pencils) are both crystalline forms of pure carbon. •The only difference is the way the carbon atoms are arranged and bonded in the crystalline lattice. •In diamond, each carbon atom is bonded to four neighboring carbon atoms in a closely-packed three-dimensional grid. •In graphite, each carbon atom is strongly bonded to three neighboring carbon atoms in a plane and the planes of atoms are loosely bonded to each other. •The degradation of diamond to graphite is a simple case of the atoms internally rearranging and relaxing to a lower energy state. This process requires no chemical reaction with an external material. •Although graphite is a more stable form of crystalline carbon than diamond under normal conditions, there is a significant kinetic

Even the clearest of recordings are useless without a good loudspeaker  The modern loudspeaker, as demonstrated by the Monitor Audio Apex series, produces sound by converting electrical signals from an audio amplifier into mechanical motion, from which sound waves emanate. Loudspeakers can consist of an individual transducer (audio driver) or a series of drivers encased within a large chassis, each dealing with a certain frequency band to improve the overall gamut and fidelity of reproduced sounds. For example, larger subwoofer speakers deal with low frequencies, while smaller speakers called tweeters deal with high frequencies. These various drivers are controlled by a filter network, which organises the different frequency signals coming from the amplifier and directs them to the driver most suitable to deal with it. The construction of a single loudspeaker driver is a complex process, the central element of which is a concave plastic or paper conical disc. This is th

How do carrots help you see in the dark ? •Carrots do not help you see in the dark. Carrots do provide Vitamin A (in beta-carotene form)which is used by your body to maintain normal eyesight. •But eating excess Vitamin A does not lead to better-than-normal eyesight.  •Most Americans get sufficient Vitamin A in their diet and therefore have the best eyesight that carrots can provide.  •This myth was created by the British during World War II to hide a secret weapon, according to the book " The Invention That Changed the World " by Robert Buderi. •During the war, the British Royal Air Force had been intercepting night-time Nazi air attacks at surprisingly good rates.  •In an effort to conceal the secret weapon that was giving them such success, the British pretended their high night-time spotting rates were a result of their pilots eating large quantities of carrots.  •The real cause of their success was a then cutting-edge technology known as radar. •While overeating

Why doesn't the planet Uranus explode if it contains so much hydrogen and methane ? •The planet Uranus indeed contains a significant amount of hydrogen and methane, both highly flammable gases. •However, the burning of methane or hydrogen requires oxygen. Simply but, there is no free oxygen on the planet Uranus.  •On earth, we are so immersed in oxygen that we tend to take it for granted. Many chemical reactions that require oxygen seem to just happen automatically on earth: metals rust, forests catch fire, and candles burn. •We may be tempted to ignore oxygen's role in a chemical reaction since it seems to be always there.  •But oxygen is not always present. If I place metal in a jar containing only argon, it will not rust. If I place a lit candle in a jar with no oxygen, its flame will go out.  •There is an easy demonstration you can do at home to convince yourself of this fact.  •Get a bowl and fill it about a quarter full with baking soda and

Why is the sky not blue as seen from space ? •The daytime sky is indeed blue as seen from space. Look closely at any color-accurate photograph of earth taken from space and the blue tint of everything on the day side is unmistakable. This blue tint is the sky. •The daytime sky as viewed from space is not a solid, uniform blob of blue for two reasons: (1) there are white clouds in the sky which can be seen just as well from space as from earth's surface, and (2) the sky is not opaque. •Earth's atmosphere consists mostly of nitrogen molecules and oxygen molecules bouncing around as a gas.  •Air is close to perfectly transparent. It's a good thing, because the transparency of air is what allows you to see your computer screen and breath at the same time.  •However, air is not perfectly transparent. A very small amount of the light that passes through air is scattered in all directions instead of being allowed to continue traveling on in the forward directi

Hello everyone, here we are going to talk about Swiss Bank. When a person hear the name of this bank the only thing that come to our mind is Black Money. When any kind Fraud occur we hear the name of Swiss Bank and Government also tell that he is going to bring all the black money from Swiss Bank. Swiss Bank is located  in Switzerland and was established in 1872 as Basler bankverein. According to Switzerland banking law bank officials cannot disclose the name of account holder name unless and until Swiss court order them. Swiss court give the order only when there is a criminal charge on account holder name for example money laundering, fraud etc. The account in Swiss Bank are secretive account. Anyone who open a bank account in Swiss Bank he has to complete his KYC as normal bank do. But they never reveal the identity and address of account holders name. The account is in coded digits. In bank statement the account holder name is also not disclosed to any one. Here Swiss B

Does the back of a rainbow look the same as its front side ? •A rainbow does not have a back side. If you were to walk completely to the other side of the mist cloud that is creating the rainbow and turn around, you would not see a rainbow.  •You have to realize that a rainbow is not a stationary physical object. Instead, it is a pattern of light that becomes a stable image only when you look at it from the right angle.  •You may not have noticed it, but every time you look directly at the center of a rainbow, the sun is directly behind your head. This is the only angle at which the light pattern that constitutes the rainbow can enter your eye and therefore lead you to see it. •The sun is always in the opposite part of the sky from the center of the rainbow. This is because a rainbow is actually just sunlight which has been refracted and reflected.  •Refraction occurs when the sunlight enters and leaves the small spherical water droplets that constitute the m

Air pollution in our country, par-ticularly in some of the urbancentres, has become a major public health issue. Depending on the region and climatic con-ditions, there are several contributory fac-tors that add to the pollution levels but vehicular emissions in metropolitan cities have emerged as a major source. According to official estimates, the number of vehiclesin the national capital surged to over 1.20 crore, including over 80 lakh two-wheelers.The number of vehicles per thousand population, too, increased considerably —from 317 in 2006 to over 550 in 2016 —leading to visible congestion on the roads.That vehicular emissions contain car-cinogenic material needs no emphasis. Butwhat has now come to light is that theinhalation of toxic airborne particles emit-ted by diesel and petrol vehicles can weaken bones and speed up the ageingprocess. This finding, based on a fairly largesample size taken from the vicinity of Hyderabad,quantifies on the basis of X- Rays and other studies and

How can we unlock the 90% of our brain that we never use ?  •Healthy humans use all of their brain. There is no part of the brain that goes unused. Certain tasks work certain parts of the brain more, but they all play important roles.  •Brain maps, as found in modern anatomy books, indicate that each part of the brain has a specific function essential to a healthy human.  •If there were a part of your brain that really went unused, then you could safely damage that part in an accident with no ill effects. But decades of medical records show that damage to any part of the brain has severe effects.  •If 90% of the brain were not used, then 90% of the brain tumors would cause no problem. Imagine brain doctors telling 90% of their cancer patients, "I have good news and bad news. Bad news: you have a brain tumor. Good news: it's in the part of the brain that you will never use." The thought is absurd. •If the 10% myth is instead supposed to mean that

Why do my fingers absorb water and become wrinkled? •Human finger tips do not become wrinkled, because they absorb water.  •Skin is a fairly good barrier that keeps out most of the external water. •If our fingers did absorb a significant amount of water after staying in the pool or bath for several minutes, then our fingers would swell to round, plump shapes, which is the opposite of wrinkling.  •The wrinkling is actually caused by a reduction of fluid inside the finger tips. •How can our finger tips experience reduced fluid internally when exposed to increased fluid externally? •From a physical perspective, this effect seems to be a paradox. The answer is that the wrinkling of wet finger tips is an active biological response, rather than a passive physical effect. •Scientists have known for almost a hundred years that nerve damage in the hand can result in a person no longer being able to get wet-induced finger wrinkles. Finger wrinkling is therefore controlled by

TVs have come a long way since the massive boxes hogging the corner of your living room. Yet even your current fl at-screen LCD TV will soon look unwieldy compared to the next generation of products. With OLED (organic light-emitting diode) technology TVs, computer monitors, mobile phones and pretty much anything else with a screen are set to become thinner than ever before. OLED is a major step on from the LCD technology that is currently used. In simple terms, it is created from organic materials that emit light when power is passed through it. An OLED display contains thin fi lms of organic materials placed between two conductors; as the current passes through, the display lights up. This self-illuminating function removes the need for the backlight that is an essential requirement of a traditional LCD screen. There are two kinds of OLED display, of which AMOLED (active matrix) is the most important. Designed for larger displays (over 7cm/3in), it allows for each individual pixel o

Apple TV is designed to work with many Apple products and services, including iPhones, iPads, iTunes, a desktop PC and of course a TV. The built-in software, a stripped-down version of Mac OS X, offers access to movies and shows that you can rent any time, and the built-in Wi-Fi chip utilises your broadband connection to push the rented video to the Apple TV box.  It also connects with your desktop-based iTunes library to create a single hub with which to view your media in the comfort of your favourite chair. Despite not physically storing video, the 8GB fl ash chip is used to cache fi lms as they are playing to ensure that they do not skip and in most cases the full film will be downloaded to the Apple TV fl ash memory even if you haven’t fi nished watching it. The controller software is the hub around which everything works. Once connected to a TV and a computer running iTunes, it will detect when changes are made, such as renting a video, and it will then send the relevant informati

Motion control systems combine the data from their internal gyroscopes and accelerometers to produce super-accurate information about location in space (X, Y and Z planes), and movement about the controller’s axis (pitch, roll and yaw). For extra precision, some systems also throw in a micro-compass (like those used in GPS and satnav systems). So once the device has accurately detected motion, this needs to be translated to movements that fi t on the screen. The Wii system uses infrared tracking to determine the cursor’s position on screen. The sensor box above the screen has sets of fi ve infrared (IR) LEDs at both sides. These, plus the IR detector at the top-end of the Wii Remote, mean that the controller’s position can be triangulated relative to the screen. So if the LEDs are detected towards the top of the Wii Remote’s fi eld of view, the cursor is displayed at the bottom of the screen and vice versa. IR LEDs are used because regular visible light-emitting diodes would be too dif

1  The original megastructure, the Great Wall stretches an incredible 8,851km (5,500 miles), making it easily the longest man-made structure on Earth. Great Wall of China 2  The 2km dam spanning the Yangtze submerged 13 existing cities, 140 towns and over 1,300 villages, requiring the relocation of 1.5 million people. Three Gorges Dam 3  This retired garbage dump covering 12 square kilometres (4.6 square miles) of New York’s Staten Island was once piled higher than the nearby Statue of Liberty. Fresh Kills Landfi ll 4  Built largely by hand over 2,000 years ago, these terraced rice paddies cover 10,360 square kilometres of steep mountainside in the Philippines. Banaue Rice Terraces 5  This colossal open-pit mine located in Eastern Siberia, Russia is 525 metres (1,722 feet) deep and 1.25km wide. In the Sixties it produced two tons of diamonds per year. Mirny Diamond Mine

1  Synonymous with the Winchester Rifl e, this action allowed the likes of Billy the Kid to lever new rounds from a sealed tubular magazine, all in one movement. Lever-action 2  The double-barrelled shotgun is the prime example of ‘break-open’ in action; whereby barrels are hinged to expose the breech and ready new rounds. Giving it both barrels 3  Gatling’s gun housed upwards of ten barrels, each with its own breech and firing pin, loaded upon cranked rotation by a gravity-fed ammunition hopper. 2,000 rounds a minute 4  The chain gun has a single barrel and employs an electric motor to drive a chain that is connected to the bolt, which moves back and forth to reload the weapon. Unchained melody 5  The pump-action is most often found in repeating rifl es and shotguns; with a hand grip that is pumped back and forth that strips the spent shell and loads a fresh round. Pump up the volume!

The colourful profi le of the semi-automatic weapon continues to shape public opinion, but there is more to its substance than style alone. The semi-automatic pistol is a functionally different animal to the romanticised revolver of the Wild West. The motivation for semi – and full for that matter – automatics derive from energy generated by the fi ring process to self-load and prime a new round. This comes in a variety of fl avours, including recoil, blowback and gas. Recoil is the gun’s kick-back, balancing the bullet’s forward momentum – or as Newton says, with every action must come an equal and opposite reaction. Here, the opposing recoil force drives the gun backwards, initiating momentum in the ‘slide’ and barrel that are mechanically engaged. Separation of the two typically allows the breech to open as the slide carries on, self-loading and cocking the gun in the process.  With blowback the barrel and slide are not wed. The barrel is typically fi xed to the frame with th

  Amazing   Facts   About   Shopping 1.Women spend about 8 years shopping , over the course of a lifetime.  2.Women who shop a lot are more confident and less likely to be depressed.  3.Wearing high heels makes you spend more.  4.An average woman spends more money on jewelry, shoes, and watches than on higher education.  5.Most Women think about shopping every minute, which translates to 950 times a day.  6.Women who shop clothes feel better than women who shop kitchenware and domestic goods.  CONCLUSION:- There's nothing wrong with shopping. It is a form of a workout, an anti-stress therapy and it fills your heart with confidence. 

Tips for Social Media Success 1.Be passionate about your topic otherwise don’t start. 2.Know who your target audience is.  3.Write or publish text or video content for your audience, that is topical, answers problems and provides “How To’s”. 4.Connect with other influential social media influencers in your industry. 5.Share their content. 6.Read, read, read and then read even more about your topics (mine are Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and LinkedIn).  7.Don’t be afraid to fail “small” and fail “often”. Waiting to publish, while making it perfect, means it will never happen. Just “Ship It”

X-rays pass through our flesh and organs. The large calcium molecules that make up our skeleton block the path of x-rays. This results in the negative image seen here   Are X-rays Safe?   •Did you know that falling out of bed kills 450 people a year in the US.  •Ants claim another 30 lives and vending machines kill around 13 people; Safety is a relative term. •An x-ray is a form of high energy radiation with a wavelength about 10,000 times shorter than that of visible light.  •The danger with x-rays is that they can knock electrons away from atoms, creating ions; this is why x-rays are called 'ionising radiation'.  •Ions are much more reactive than atoms and can shoot about your body damaging important molecules like DNA.  •This can cause mutation, or even cancer, if the dose is high enough. •But that is the key - ' if the dose is high enough .'  •The increase in radiation your body receives during an x-ray is equivalent to the extra radiation you are exposed to durin

When we eat food, it passes through the esophagus and enters the stomach. Here, the stomach acid begins to digest the food.  Now w, the inner lining of the stomach is protected from the stomach acid with the help of mucus which is produced by special cells. However, the stomach acid can sometimes flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation, as there are no special cells to protect it. Hence, at the junction of esophagus and stomach, a band of muscles called lower esophageal sphincter or LES prevents this acid as well as chunks of food from flowing back. However, when the LES abnormally relaxes or weakens the stomach acid is able to flow back into the esophagus, creating a burning sensation called heartburn. Heartburn may also be caused due to the consumption of alcohol, caffeine, chocolates, etc as they relax the LES. Remember that spicy foods and citrus fruits irritate the esophageal lining and increase the production of stomach acid, thus worsening heartburn.