What is Huffman coding?

## Huffman coding is a statistical data compression technique, which gives a reduction in the average code length, used to represent the symbols of an alphabet. The Huffman code is an example of a code that is optimal in the case where all symbol probabilities are integral powers of 0.5. A Huffman code can be built in the following manner:

1. Rank all symbols in order of probability of occurrence. 2. Successively combine the two symbols of the lowest probability to form a new composite symbol; eventually to build a binary tree where each node is the probability of all nodes beneath it.

3. Trace a path to each leaf, noticing the direction at each node.

## For a given probability distribution, there are many possible Huffman codes, but the total compressed length will be the same. This technique is used in most archivers. This is a means of producing a variable length code which has an average length l close to the average information contained in a message. l will always be greater than or equal to H.

## Thus with known probabilities of occurrence, we can produce an optimum solution using Huffman coding. Huffman coding requires a priori probabilities, which can be a problem in some situations. The Lempel–Ziv algorithm learns the source characteristics whilst coding and is used in situations where the a priori probabilities are not available.

Comments

Hyper Automation (New Technology)

Automation is nothing but an amalgamation of two super technologies of this error RPC and machine learning understanding the automation mechanisms and how it is controlled and coordinated using machine learning MBA main Circus of the screen in the year 2020 automation is employed to have a major macroeconomic implication on the market hence top companies need to give up for this convergence in demographic shapes for now company Wipro and Infosys are experimenting with this technology but other companies are not very far behind..

How ASPs works?

The Web and the Internet began to really heat up and receive significant media exposure starting around 1994. Initially, the Web started as a great way for academics and researchers to distribute information; but as millions of consumers flocked to the Internet, it began to spawn completely new business models. Three good examples of innovative models include: • Amazon - Amazon (which opened its doors in July, 1995) houses a database of millions of products that anyone can browse at any time. It would have been impossible to compile a list this large in any medium other than the Web. • Ebay - Online auctions make it easy and inexpensive for millions of people to buy and sell any imaginable item. It would be impossible to do this at a reasonable cost or in a timely manner with any medium other than the Web. • Epinions - Thousands of people contribute to a shared library of product reviews. One of the Web's greatest strengths is its worldwide view a...

WHY DO WE SLEEP AND DREAM?

•We spend about one-third of our lives sleeping. •Why do we invest so much time in sleep? •The most straight forward answer is that, sleep is restorative, and it replenishes the body's energy stores. •However, intense neural activity during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, the stage in which most dreams occur, suggests there may be more to the story. •One theory, which by far has the largest body of evidence, is that sleep plays a critical role in learning and consolidating memories. •It is probably why infants and toddlers need up to 14 hours of sleep a day, with half of it spent in REM sleep. •In adults, dreams may also play a role in brain plasticity and learning, which is why sleep-deprived adults perform worse in memory tests and tasks.

Knowledge N Fact4u

Search This Blog